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Last updated on Nov 5, 2024
Last updated on Nov 5, 2024
Are you looking to integrate Prisma with your Next.js App Router? This guide will show you how to do it step-by-step, helping you manage databases and routes more efficiently in your Prisma-Next.js application.
This guide provides essential insights whether it’s for deploying on services like Vercel or handling intricate data operations, ensuring that you leverage these technologies to their utmost capabilities.
Prisma and Next.js are praised as an ideal combination for contemporary web development. Prisma’s type-safe query builder streamlines database management, while Next.js offers versatile rendering capabilities like static site generation and server-side rendering, enabling developers to create fast and reliable applications.
When you blend Prisma into a Next.js app equipped with an App Router, it enhances your handling of database tasks and improves routing efficiency. This integration facilitates smooth data processing and navigation, elevating the user experience.
The first step in integrating Prisma is to establish a directory for your Next.js 13 application, setting up an orderly and sustainable project architecture.
To initiate a new Next.js project, run the following command:
1npx create-next-app@latest
After setup, you can begin organizing the architecture, adding dependencies, and configuring initial settings to align with your development needs.
Next.js 13 introduces the app
directory, replacing the older pages
directory to simplify route management. Routes are set up through page.tsx
files. For example, to create a route for /profile
, you’d set up:
1/app/profile/page.tsx
This approach streamlines routing and enhances navigational flexibility.
Prisma ORM is an efficient tool for Node.js and TypeScript applications, providing a data model, automatic migration processes, and type safety. It simplifies database operations through a const prisma
instance, which allows for complex data handling.
To add Prisma CLI, use the following command:
1npx prisma init --datasource-provider sqlite
This command creates a prisma
folder and prepares your schema file while setting SQLite as the database. Then, generate the SQLite database and tables:
1npx prisma migrate dev --name init
This runs migrations from your schema, ensuring proper database setup.
The Prisma schema file (schema.prisma
) enables you to define and manage your database architecture.
Example schema setup:
1// schema.prisma 2generator client { 3 provider = "prisma-client-js" 4} 5 6datasource db { 7 provider = "sqlite" 8 url = env("DATABASE_URL") 9} 10 11model User { 12 id Int @id @default(autoincrement()) 13 name String 14 email String @unique 15 posts Post[] 16} 17 18model Post { 19 id Int @id @default(autoincrement()) 20 title String 21 content String 22 author User @relation(fields: [authorId], references: [id]) 23 authorId Int 24}
After updating the schema, use migration commands to sync your database.
With Prisma integrated, Next.js apps support real-time data updates, facilitating dynamic application development.
To avoid connection problems, create a single Prisma Client instance and attach it to the global object:
1// lib/prisma.ts 2import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client'; 3 4const globalForPrisma = global as unknown as { prisma: PrismaClient }; 5 6export const prisma = 7 globalForPrisma.prisma || 8 new PrismaClient({ 9 log: ['query'], 10 }); 11 12if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') globalForPrisma.prisma = prisma;
Prisma is ideal for Next.js 13 server components, allowing seamless data fetching. Here’s an example that fetches users and displays them:
1// app/users/page.tsx 2import { prisma } from '../../lib/prisma'; 3 4export default async function UsersPage() { 5 const users = await prisma.user.findMany(); 6 7 return ( 8 <div> 9 <h1>Users</h1> 10 <ul> 11 {users.map(user => ( 12 <li key={user.id}>{user.name}</li> 13 ))} 14 </ul> 15 </div> 16 ); 17}
Prisma simplifies database record management. In Next.js, you can use Prisma with various data retrieval methods, such as getStaticProps
, getServerSideProps
, API routes, or a standalone server.
Manage CRUD operations efficiently by setting up API routes in the app
directory. Here’s how to add a new todo item using Prisma:
1// app/api/todo/route.ts 2import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'; 3import { prisma } from '../../../lib/prisma'; 4 5export async function POST(request: Request) { 6 const { title } = await request.json(); 7 const newTodo = await prisma.todo.create({ 8 data: { title }, 9 }); 10 return NextResponse.json(newTodo); 11}
To update or delete a todo item, set up dynamic API routes:
1// app/api/todo/[id]/route.ts 2import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'; 3import { prisma } from '../../../../lib/prisma'; 4 5export async function PATCH(request: Request, { params }: { params: { id: string } }) { 6 const { title } = await request.json(); 7 const updatedTodo = await prisma.todo.update({ 8 where: { id: parseInt(params.id) }, 9 data: { title }, 10 }); 11 return NextResponse.json(updatedTodo); 12} 13 14export async function DELETE(request: Request, { params }: { params: { id: string } }) { 15 const deletedTodo = await prisma.todo.delete({ 16 where: { id: parseInt(params.id) }, 17 }); 18 return NextResponse.json(deletedTodo); 19}
Prisma’s client methods allow data mutation, enabling you to update, add, or delete records asynchronously.
1await prisma.todo.create({ 2 data: { title: 'New Task' }, 3});
To refresh the UI after a data change, use:
1router.refresh();
Prisma Accelerate optimizes query execution, cold start times, and latency via query batching. Enable it through Prisma CLI by acquiring an API key and updating your environment file.
1# .env 2PRISMA_ACCELERATE_API_KEY=your_api_key_here
This configuration ensures database query optimization.
Utilize connection pooling and caching for specific query types to improve performance, especially during high-traffic periods.
To deploy your Next.js and Prisma app, consider platform-specific nuances. Set environment variables correctly and optimize build size and server-side rendering.
Ensure environment variables for Prisma Client’s connection with the database are configured correctly:
1# .env 2DATABASE_URL=your_production_database_url
To deploy, you may register an account on Vercel and link your repository. For production databases, ensure Prisma Client connects to the correct environment.
Explore community resources to deepen your understanding. Real-world examples like a Todo app, CoDox, and Blitz.js exemplify advanced Next.js and Prisma integrations.
Combining Prisma with the Next.js App Router provides a robust toolkit for modern web development. This guide covered setup, routing configurations, CRUD operations, and performance optimization. Following these steps equips you to build scalable, resilient applications that are both performant and user-friendly.
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