Kotlin For IOS Developers: Cross-Platform Made Simple

Kotlin is no longer confined to Android; it has emerged as a powerful tool for cross-platform app development, including iOS, allowing developers to build applications for multiple platforms with a unified codebase. By leveraging Kotlin Multiplatform, you can create applications for Android, iOS, web, and desktop, saving development time while maintaining platform-specific functionality.

This blog explores how to master Kotlin for iOS, covering Kotlin Multiplatform, shared modules, and tips to simplify cross-platform development.

What is Kotlin Multiplatform?

Kotlin Multiplatform enables you to write shared code for logic that is common across different platforms like Android, iOS, and web while allowing platform-specific implementations for native features. Unlike solutions like React Native, it doesn’t compromise on performance, as the native codebase is preserved for native UI and APIs. This ensures full access to platform-specific functionality while maintaining shared business logic.

Setting Up Kotlin for iOS Development

1. Install Android Studio and IntelliJ IDEA

To start building your Kotlin Multiplatform project, you’ll need both Android Studio and IntelliJ IDEA. These tools allow developers to manage both shared and platform-specific code efficiently.

1. Download Android Studio for creating the shared module and testing the Android code.

2. Use IntelliJ IDEA for managing the Kotlin Multiplatform shared module.

2. Creating a New Project

In Android Studio, follow these steps:

1. Create a new Kotlin Multiplatform project with a shared module.

2. Select the appropriate target for both Android and iOS platforms. This ensures that the generated code structure supports iOS applications.

Your project name will determine the default package, so choose carefully.

Understanding the Project Structure

The following structure is typical in a Kotlin Multiplatform project:

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1- shared
2  - src
3    - commonMain
4    - androidMain
5    - iosMain

• commonMain: Contains shared code like shared business logic and utilities.

• androidMain: Includes Android-specific APIs and platform-specific functionality.

• iosMain: Contains iOS-specific APIs and implementations.

This setup ensures shared business logic while preserving platform-specific elements for Android and iOS.

Writing Shared Code in Kotlin

With Kotlin Multiplatform, you can centralize business logic into a shared module. Here's an example of common code in the commonMain directory:

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1expect class Platform() {
2    val platform: String
3}
4
5fun greet(): String = "Hello from ${Platform().platform}"

The expect keyword lets you define declarations that are implemented differently on various platforms.

Implementing Platform-Specific Code

In the iosMain directory, add iOS-specific implementations using the following code:

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1import platform.UIKit.UIDevice
2
3actual class Platform actual constructor() {
4    actual val platform: String = UIDevice.currentDevice.systemName() +
5        " " + UIDevice.currentDevice.systemVersion
6}

Similarly, for Android, use this:

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1actual class Platform actual constructor() {
2    actual val platform: String = "Android ${android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT}"
3}

This separation of shared code and platform-specific functionality ensures flexibility in cross-platform projects.

Building an iOS App with Kotlin Multiplatform

To integrate Kotlin code into an iOS project, use the following steps:

1. Create a framework using the shared module.

2. Add the framework to your Xcode project.

Here’s how to compile the shared module into an iOS framework:

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1./gradlew :shared:packForXcode

Add the generated .framework to the Xcode project, and call the Kotlin library from your Swift code:

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1import shared
2
3let greeting = Greeting().greet()
4print(greeting)

This integration brings the shared business logic into your iOS applications seamlessly.

Best Practices for Cross-Platform Development

1. Organize Your Shared Code

• Place shared business logic in the commonMain module, and manage shared UI with frameworks like Compose Multiplatform if applicable.

• Avoid duplication of business logic across Android and iOS.

2. Use Compose Multiplatform for Shared UI

With Compose Multiplatform, you can create reusable UI components for Android, iOS, and web. Here's an example:

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1@Composable
2fun GreetingView() {
3    Text("Hello, Cross-Platform World!")
4}

3. Optimize Plugins and Dependencies

Ensure your build.gradle.kts file includes the correct plugins and dependencies for Kotlin Multiplatform:

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1plugins {
2    kotlin("multiplatform")
3    kotlin("native.cocoapods")
4}
5
6kotlin {
7    ios {
8        binaries.framework {
9            baseName = "shared"
10        }
11    }
12}

Why Choose Kotlin Multiplatform?

1. Shared Business Logic: Write once, use on Android, iOS, and more.

2. Full Control: Maintain platform-specific functionality without compromise.

3. Reduced Development Time: Work faster with a single codebase for various platforms.

The Bottom Line!

Mastering Kotlin for iOS is a gateway to efficient cross-platform development, allowing developers to target Android, iOS, and beyond. By combining Kotlin Multiplatform, shared modules, and tools like Compose Multiplatform, you can create robust applications that leverage the best of both Android and iOS ecosystems. Get started with Kotlin Multiplatform today to build apps that shine on different platforms with the power of a unified codebase!